I think it’s easier to remember a complex password over time, than to actually come up with one. Have you ever tried coming up with a unique password with numbers, special characters, etc? It’s not as easy as it sounds. Let’s take a closer look at the best features of LastPass, to better understand what it has to offer. Once the database is open, you can make changes to it, add new accounts, access/edit/manage your logins, open the corresponding pages with a click, etc. The only way to unlock it is by using the master password. Your online credentials are locked in the LastPass vault. The password manager autofills your username and password without the need for typing the information manually. The LastPass extension addresses both issues, and all you need to remember is a single master password to access all your logins. ![]() Trying to figure out a strong password is tough too, because if you forget it, that’s going to be a problem. It can be difficult to remember the passwords for each and every account that you have for online services. The database can be accessed across platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and all major browsers. The encrypted vault data is stored securely on the company's servers. LastPass is a cloud-based password manager available for computers and mobile devices. Here is a comparison table of 6 alternative password managers to LastPass: Mobile app is sub par compared to rivals.Can store addresses, notes, credit cards, etc.Dark web monitoring (to check if your logins have been leaked).Browser-based (no desktop application required).Security check to analyze for weak passwords.Features: Secure password generation, Password sharing, Cross-platform availability. ![]() Browser compatibility: Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, Brave, Vivaldi, Opera. ![]() LastPass main features & specifications summary
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![]() It is helpful to classify causes into vascular (non-thrombocytopenic) and thrombocytopenic disorders. Purpura is a sign rather than a diagnosis and a cause must be sought. Having inspected the skin and taken a history, it may be useful to return to a physical examination to reassess the purpuric rash and carry out a further systemic examination, looking for hepatomegaly/splenomegaly or neurological signs, for example. ![]() ![]() Other components of a routine history should be gone through (past medical history, medical and allergic history - including any over-the-counter drugs - and social history are all relevant). Recent travel history should be reviewed.Note whether general easy bruising has been noticed.That child may be moribund just 20 minutes later. If a child has developed a purpuric, possibly meningococcal, rash but does not seem unwell, do not be lured into a false sense of security. Establish whether the patient is otherwise well.Meningococcal septicaemia will be very recent in origin and changing almost visibly. Determine how long the rash has been present and whether it is changing noticeably.Leukaemia and myeloproliferative disorders can occur at any age. Senile purpura is confined to the elderly. Henoch-Schönlein purpura tends to occur in children. Tenderness may suggest an inflammatory process.Don't forget to ask/look for lesions in the mucous membranes.For example, localised lesions may be caused by trauma whereas purpura due to venous hypertension will be in the lower legs with a distribution as shown below. Note the nature of the lesions - size, confluence, associated blisters (and what these contain: exudate, blood, pus).In reality, the patient is likely to start the consultation by presenting with the purpuric rash and so inspection of the rash and noting such matters as the general condition of the patient will occur at the outset. It may seem unusual to place examination before history but there is some logic to this. The appearance of purpura is quite characteristic and it does not blanch on pressure. Nevertheless, clotting factor deficiency must be considered. As a general rule, purpura indicates a problem of the platelet system whilst a deficiency of clotting factors will cause haematomas or haemarthrosis as in haemophilia. Platelets help maintain the integrity of the capillary lining as well as being important in the clotting process. Purpura may occur with either normal platelet counts (non-thrombocytopenic purpuras) or decreased platelet counts (thrombocytopenic purpuras). Larger, deeper purpura are referred to as ecchymoses or bruising. When purpura spots are very small (<1 cm in diameter), they are called petechiae or petechial haemorrhages. Purpura is not a disease per se but is indicative of an underlying cause of bleeding. Purpura may also occur in the mucous membranes, especially of the mouth and in the internal organs. The term 'purpura' describes a purplish discolouration of the skin that is produced by small bleeding vessels near the surface. ![]() As the player progresses, they will gain access to better weapons and armor to help them survive the increasingly difficult challenges they face. The player starts with nothing and must explore the world around them to find resources to survive. Terraria is a 2D action-adventure sandbox game with elements of survival and crafting. Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. It was originally a mod for Half-Life 2 but was later released as a standalone game. Garry's Mod is a physics sandbox game that allows players to create and manipulate objects in a virtual environment. Price: Free with incentives for purchases Platforms: Windows, macOS, Xbox, PlayStation, iOS, and Android. This makes for a unique gaming experience that is different every time you play. The games on Roblox are mostly focused on user-generated content and emergent gameplay, as opposed to traditional gameplay mechanics. And although most of the games on Roblox are created by amateurs, there are some professional developers who have used the platform to create commercially successful games. Players can create their own games and share them with the community. Roblox is a bit different from Minecraft in that it's more of a game creation platform than a game itself. Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, Xbox, PlayStation, iOS, and Android. And with over 100 million active monthly players, there's no shortage of things to do in the multiverse of Minecraft. Minecraft is a true sandbox game that allows players to create their own content and share it with the community. And finally, adventure mode presents players with custom challenges to complete. Creative mode gives players unlimited resources to build whatever they can imagine. Survival mode challenges players to survive by gathering resources. There are three main gameplay modes in Minecraft: survival, creative, and adventure. And if you're unfamiliar with Minecraft, the basic premise is that you mine resources during the day and use them to build a shelter at night, fending off monsters, and eventually defeating bosses. This list would be incomplete if we didn't include the second-best-selling video game of all time, with over 238 million copies sold. Platforms: iOS and Android now and PC in the future Soba is a 3D game with unlimited options for players to craft their own worlds. It’s an open-world concept game that has its own economy and ecosystem. In addition, Soba players can play other people’s games. Follow this link to get early access to soba In other words, you don’t have to have any experience with computer programming to create a game on their mobile app. It’s a sandbox game where players can create their own games using the platform’s no-code tools. Soba is arguably the most unique game on this list. And in the past decade, sandbox games have been all the rage. This makes them both captivating and addictive, as gamers lose themselves in worlds where anything is possible. Regardless of their specific features, all sandbox games share one common trait: a high degree of player freedom. Some allow players to create their own content, while others focus on emergent gameplay that arises from the interactions of players with each other and the world around them. They can be single-player or multiplayer, open-world, or procedurally generated. Sandbox games give players immense freedom to explore the virtual world in which they find themselves. We've compiled the best sandbox games of 2023, so you don't have to worry. You don't want to spend money on a game and find out you don't like it after playing it. What are they? How do they differ from other genres? And, which is the best sandbox game for me?Īnd hey, in 2023, picking a game is an important decision. It seems like every other game on the market is a sandbox game, which leaves room for lots of questions. In this day and age, there is a multitude of video games to choose from. ![]() Stream on Spotify or Apple Music or purchase as digital download via iTunes or Amazon Purchase. BUY NOW Run Time: 1hr 46min MPAA Rating: Not Rated Language & Audio: 5.1 / 2.0 / 2. Cat number 075597923018 on spine and CDs. Cat number 0075597923018 printed on bottom left of rear sleeve. Version here David Byrne - David Byrnes American Utopia On Broadway has an additional track incorrectly listed on rear-sleeve. The cast album for the critically acclaimed Broadway production of David Byrne’s American Utopia. This version has the correct track-list printed on rear sleeve and booklet. This production combines rock-show swagger and Broadway style, reveling in the simple joys of song and movement while bringing wonder back to the world. American Utopia On Broadway Original Cast Album. David Byrne’s American Utopia will be released Digitally and on DVD in the UK and Ireland from 14th December. ![]() You will require a multi-region DVD player and a PAL compatible TV to view. Calling on all of us to think, connect, engage, and dance, David Byrne’s American Utopia unites the brain and the backside, which may be exactly what we need right now. ![]() Performer: Jacqueline Acevedo, David Byrne, Gustavo Di Dalva, Daniel Freedman, Chris Giarmo, Stephane San Juan, Tim Keiper, Tendayi Kuumba, Karl Mansfield, Mauro Refosco, Angie Swan, Bobby Wooten IIIĭescription: Talking Heads superstar DAVID BYRNE is burning down one of Broadway’s most intimate houses with his triumphant rock spectacle AMERICAN UTOPIA.īyrne is joined by 11 diverse musicians from around the globe, honoring the pleasures of music, dance and song as collective celebration. Playback Region 2 :This will not play on most DVD players sold in the U.S., U.S. ![]() He understands their philosophy, conveys that understanding in clear and direct language, and tells a good story. Greenwalt’s account remains the best account of the Point Loma venture. By 1942 Point Loma had ended even though the theosophical movement continued. Buildings could not be maintained and land had to be sold off. After Tingley’s death the colony tried to regroup under Gottíried de Purucker, but the ravages of the depression and Tingley’s poor management were too much. They found a home in San Diego and for almost thirty years played a major part in the international theosophical movement. Their neighbors in San Diego did not always understand them, but the theosophical presence is one that the area can be proud of. Tingley and her followers were interested in scientific agriculture, in the arts, in reform movements from vivisection to peace, and in man’s capacity to achieve a higher spiritual existence. The community tried to make theosophy (Tingley style) a vital and creative religion through a strict regimen and symbolic pageantry the colony tried to carry out some reforms (particularly in education) and took on the Los Angeles Times in a famous court battle the settlement tried and did dig deep roots in the sandy peninsula at Point Loma. It was a community of believers, a colony of idealists and a settlement in San Diego. Point Loma was more than Katherine Tingley and Greenwalt takes great pains to emphasize that. Some of the bibliographic notes have been updated, but most are the same. Some important works, such as Laurence Veysey’s The Communal Experience (1973), might have helped in this reissue, but Greenwalt has chosen to overlook them. In this reissue additional details about Philip Malpas and Hugh Leonard are provided, but the book is essentially the same as the original 1955 version. Their contributions to the horticultural history of San Diego, their artistic and cultural achievements and their dedication to the theosophical ideal all find a place in Greenwalt’s narrative. At present there is little left of the colony to remind San Diegans of the history and Greenwalt’s account stresses their accomplishments rather than their ultimate failure.Įven though Tingley said there was a “top rung to every ladder,” and she perched herself there at Point Loma, she was surrounded by able and dedicated associates. From 1900 to 1929 when Tingley died the colony at Point Loma was a benign and restful community. Point Loma, under Katherine Tingley’s autocratic leadership, was formed to do good, to encourage men and women along a higher path and to provide a haven for the like-minded in a hostile world. However, murder has been committed in the name of almost everything and we should pause before allowing code words and phrases to lead us to false conclusions.įor there is a benign side to the colony experience and this reissue reminds us of that fact. And rightly so since the excesses associated with some contemporary sects should give us pause. The public now shudders when terms like sect, cult or charismatic leader are mentioned. Newspapers, California ones in particular, have deposited bizarre and ghoulish accounts on our doorsteps of the People’s Temple and Synanon. The reissue and modest revision comes at a welcome time. Editor of a nineteen volume series, The American Utopian Adventure and author of the forthcoming Biographical Dictionary of Communal History (Greenwood Press).įor close to twenty-five years Emmett Greenwalt’s study of the theosophical community at Point Loma has been the best and standard account. Fogarty, Editor, Antioch Review, and Associate Professor of History, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Scharf, Managing Editor BOOK REVIEWSĬalifornia Utopia: Point Loma: 1897-1942. ![]() The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". If you want to read about some more military drone stocks, check out 5 Best Military Drone Stocks to Invest In. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Why Chinese Stocks Tuya, EHang, and Lufax Were Climbing Again. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ![]() The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Volkswagon could be merely expressing interest – or could be ready to jump in with one of the most well-known and well-tested platforms already on the market. Hyundai, Audi, GM, Porsche and more have all made announcements about new projects and new prototypes. Automotive industry giants are rushing to the urban air mobility arena. Is a Volkswagon passenger drone in the works? Or is Volkswagon interested in partnering with EHang – and is this giving EHang stock a boost? Could be. It’s offially “buzz.” We read it on, we heard about it from DRONEMASTERS (credit where credit is due, people): German car manufacturer Volkswagon is the latest to express interest in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs). It’s an upward spiral: as EHang gets more opportunities to fly, their platform becomes the most tested and well-known in the industry – and safety data accumulates. In addition, EHang has made agreements with cities in Spain, Austria and elsewhere in Europe and Canada to demonstrate their capabiltities. These include EHang, AeroVironment, Draganfly, and Parrot among others. In 2020, EHang partnered with the government of South Korea: they’ve launched a demonstration of passenger drones across the country, and South Korea has said that urban air mobility programs must be a focus point of development. Drone Stock Overview 2021 shows 14 companies that offer shares which can be currently traded in stock markets. ![]() Outside of China, EHang has been signing partnership deals throughout Asia and Europe, and looks ready to take a leading position in urban air mobility trials around the world. ![]() This first-person farming simulator puts you and your friends right on the farm, giving you the freedom to design anything from a vineyard to a potato farm to a depressing Monsanto-like empire. Farming Simulator 22 Image: Giants Software Stardew Valley is available on Windows PC, Linux, and Mac via Steam, GOG, and Humble and on PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, Android, and iOS. You can choose to either pool your income or manage separate balances - useful for playthroughs when others might drop in or out of a session. It’s soothing and rewarding, and the game’s storytelling and characters are delightfully memorable.īuild up to four cabins on your farm, and invite friends to online multiplayer. There’s lots to do, and you can tackle it at your own pace: Till the land, sell crops, raise farm animals, mine, fish, and socialize with the townspeople - or lean into one of these activities if you find any of the others onerous. This farming and lifestyle sim is a modern classic for good reason. Your grandfather wills you his old farm in Pelican Town, freeing you from your soul-crushing JojaMart corporate job. If farming is more up your alley Stardew Valley Image: ConcernedApe/Chucklefish Minecraft ’s website has an extensively detailed chart noting console compatibility for cross-platform play. Minecraft is available on Windows PC, Linux, numerous Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo consoles, and Nintendo 3DS and Switch. Consult our guide on how Minecraft multiplayer works for more details. You’ll need to have the same edition of the game to play online multiplayer. You can play around with your friends or create meticulous works of fan art with the game’s signature mix of exploring, mining, and crafting.īecause the game has been out for more than a decade, multiplayer will vary between players who have the original Java Edition of the game available for PC, or the Bedrock Edition for PC, consoles, and mobile. It is the second-bestselling game of all time ( Tetris holds the top spot), and Polygon has called it “ among the most influential games of the 2010s.” In Minecraft, the only upper limit is your creativity, and the community that has formed within and around the game is its centerpiece. The world phenomenon sandbox game hardly requires introduction, but this list would not be complete without its presence. Terraria is available on Windows PC, Linux, and Max via Steam and GOG, and on PS3, PS4, PS5, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, Android, and iOS. Terraria can have a challenging learning curve for beginners, so the multiplayer mode is a helpful way of having a guide. (Developer Re-Logic first released the game on PC in 2011 it has been ported to its fair share of platforms since.) The Nintendo Switch version also supports two-player couch co-op. Online multiplayer supports up to eight players, with some older console editions offering four-player split-screen co-op. Build your base, seek upgrades, and fight bosses to advance the game’s story. It has everything: exploration in an absolutely massive procedurally generated map, crafting and base-building, and so, so many bats. ![]() You could easily burn hundreds of hours simply exploring and building, even without explicitly attempting to fight the game’s numerous enemies. Terraria is the 2D sandbox survival game to end all 2D sandbox survival games. First, some classics Terraria Image: Re-Logic Even if your favorite doesn’t make an appearance, many popular colony management sims (like Rimworld, for example) have multiplayer mods. ![]() This list focuses on official, developer-backed multiplayer modes. What they share in common is a particular game loop, with resource gathering and crafting complementary to other goals - from exploration and fighting to growing a city to managing a successful amusement park or farm. This list broadly covers base-building, automation, survival, and certain types of crafting games. So we’ve created a list of some of our favorites that support cooperative play mostly online multiplayer with a few entries that support couch co-op. But these games are often more fun with others, letting you create abominations together or ruthlessly mess with each other’s work. There’s that perfect gameplay loop that comes from doing menial tasks and then, later, building systems to help automate those chores. Base-building and management simulator games scratch a particular itch. ![]() ![]() You can select a variety of debuffs for your next run, like having fewer brushes, no towers to reveal extra tiles, and mandatory Elite battles. These are accessed after you've beaten the three chapters of the game for the first time. This is basically the way the game scales in difficulty over the course of new runs. Roguebook is not an overly difficult roguelike deck builder, at least not until you start playing around with the game's Epilogue system. More cards will usually be better, although there is still a degree of strategy when it comes to what you should and shouldn't add to your deck. Cards can be upgraded later with powerful gems, which helps scale their power as you head towards the third chapter boss. Cards are earned through defeating a boss or unlocked on the game map via a Vault of Wisdom, but you shouldn't be too worried about adding loads of new cards to your deck. This includes stuff like extra rage for Seifer or a boost to Sorocco's passive buff. These are flat buffs to each of your heroes or a general buff for your party. Talent tiers are unlocked based on how many cards you have. Compared to a game like Slay The Spire, where a twenty-card deck might be the optimal deck, the power scale of your Roguebook runs is actually determined by how many cards you have in your deck. A couple of events let you remove cards for a small fee, and the Alchemists do let you destroy cards and transform them into something else. ![]() Unlike other roguelike deckbuilders, there is actually very little card remove in Roguebook. She is extremely squishy with only 20 hitpoints, although she can be healed once per battle by clicking on her. However, her own damage output shouldn't be ignored, as with a solid frog build (yes, there is such a thing as a frog build in Roguebook) she can pack a massive turtle punch with her swarm of frog allies. This mystical little turtle is the classic support character, with plenty of ways to buff the other heroes. Afterward, you can pick her up at the start of a new run. Tips For AuroraĪurora isn't available until you reach the third chapter. He works especially well with Seifer, and official stats released from the dev team support this: Seifer and Sorocco had the highest win rate in the first week of the game's release. However, Sorocco isn't against dealing damage, with the rotating Headbang combo cards being a great way to stack some seriously powerful attacks. He also receives a passive two-block boost if he finishes the turn at the front of your party. His block cards are some of the best in the game. ![]() Sorocco is a swashbuckling toad-pug creature that specializes in defensive play. Seifer has some great sustain which helps balance how much damage he will likely take at the forefront of your two-person party. When the bar is full, all his cards have an upgraded version with extra damage, healing, and other unique boosts. The bar is filled up whenever Seifer takes damage, although cards like Rage and Sulfuric Barrier also boost his rage. A Switch version will be available in April or May 2022.Seifer is a very angry rat armed with two swords and a rage bar. Roguebook is currently available for PC, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. It's definitely worth having one card dissolved every battle to get this critter's help in the final chapter of the game. Whether players of the newest game by Richard Garfield of Magic: the Gathering fame are running an ally-focused deck or not, ten extra damage every turn added to an additional card each turn is one big bonus. It begins with 10 Spirit and has the bonus of drawing the player an additional card every turn. The new ally is also summoned at the beginning of every battle for zero energy, and it has the Aggressive keyword. And once it does, its new form gives more than it took before. This little guy eventually claw its way out of its shell if a player manages to get it to the third Chapter of Roguebook. Is the Chrysalis Ally worth getting if it's just going to eat a player's cards? The answer is: absolutely. ![]() “How in the hell is this legal? They are tanking our legitimately bought and held stocks/options by arbitrarily restricting trading,” one wrote. Others on reddit’s wallstreetbets forum lashed out at Robinhood. It’s another thing for you to tell me that you can’t trade this stock because we don’t like what’s happening to it,” Brandon Luczek, a 28-year-old who lives in Virginia, told Barron’s on Wednesday night. “It’s one thing if I had a pattern of misconduct, or a lot of violations. One trader who has made money in the GameStop trade through his Webull account was frustrated by the new limits. On Wednesday night, Robinhood sent a notice to users directing them to educational products in light of the recent volatility. The company denied those allegations and said it does not recommend stocks. ![]() The privately held broker was sued last month by a Massachusetts regulator on allegations that it encourages risky investing among its clientele. Last year, it said it had more than 13 million account-holders, adding 3 million from January until May. Robinhood has grown faster than the rest of the industry over the past year, attracting younger investors. “Trading has been open for these stocks and uninterrupted amidst this volatility and the only new restrictions we have placed is not allowing market orders opening of new multi-leg option strategy positions.” “Webull has been very successful in limiting our intraday risk during the course of these events by not allowing any short positions in these volatile names since as early as Friday of last week,” CEO Anthony Denier told Barron’s. “We have made what we believe to be prudent and appropriate decisions to place some limits on certain transactions for certain securities.”Īnd fast-growing privately held broker Webull said it was limiting some activities, too. “We have been adjusting our requirements for several days as we continued to see trends indicating unusual volume in an unprecedented market environment, which appear to be divorced from traditional market fundamentals,” the company said. It is not uncommon for us to make such decisions, which we consider on an individual basis, in the interest of mitigating risk.” A spokeswoman didn’t specify exactly what the company was doing but said it could include “actions like increasing margin requirements, or limiting certain types of transactions, like short sales and those that may involve unlimited risk. TD Ameritrade (AMTD) also placed restrictions on some transactions in GameStop and other securities, the broker said on Wednesday. We will continue to monitor market conditions and may add or remove symbols as may be warranted.” ![]() “We do not believe this situation will subside until the exchanges and regulators halt or put certain symbols into liquidation only. “In addition, long stock positions will require 100% margin and short stock positions will require 300% margin until further notice,” the company said. ![]() When you lose it is okay, but when they lose the game is. Wall Street hedge funds running to the exchanges to halt trading to prevent losses is another example of why the game has always been rigged in favor of the elites. Interactive Brokers (IBKR) on Wednesday put AMC, BlackBerry, Express, GameStop, and Koss option trading into liquidation “due to the extraordinary volatility in the markets,” the company said. Robinhood Blocks Traders on Reddit and Beyond from Buying GameStop Stock Make Sense of the Market. Other brokers have instituted similar restrictions. On Thursday morning, Robinhood was also reporting outages. The trading platform is raising margin requirements for investors in GameStop and AMC to 100%, Robinhood told Barron’s on Wednesday. “We also raised margin requirements for certain securities,” Robinhood said. These include AMC Entertainment, BlackBerry, Bed Bath & Beyond, Express (EXPR), GameStop, Koss (Koss), Naked Brand Group (NAKD), and Nokia (NOK). “In light of recent volatility, we are restricting transactions for certain securities to position closing only,” the company said. In a statement on Thursday, Robinhood detailed which stocks now had restrictions. They got a message that “This stock is not supported on Robinhood.” The last two years have been the test of its function and effectiveness.Users began reporting that they couldn’t trade GameStop and other stocks on Thursday. It’s important to note ‘the parameter is not part of the original reward sharing scheme’ and has not been simulated. MinPoolCost: The mandatory fixed fee imposed on all delegators currently set at 340 ADA/epoch/pool. By tuning some parameters we can balance the two so they begin working together. The current parameters overvalue the disincentive (minPoolCost), which in turn devalues the incentive (pledge) to the end user. ![]() Boston Light thus became the only manned lighthouse in the United States. Senate passed a law sponsored by Senator Kennedy requiring that Boston Light be permanently manned. (Hitherto both the keeper’s house and duplex had outhouses that discharged directly onto the rocks below from where the effluent was washed away by the high tide.) In 1964 Boston Light became a National Historic Landmark, in 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in November 1989, just as the Coast Guard was preparing to automate the light and remove personnel from Little Brewster, the U. (Since 1990 the cellar of the former duplex has been used for underground fuel storage.) Indoor plumbing was finally successfully installed in the keeper’s house in 1960. (The keeper still had to climb the stairs to the light at sundown and sunrise every day to turn on and off the switches for the light and the rotating gear.) In 1959 Boston Light was changed from a family-operated to a male-billeted station, and in 1960 the Coast Guard removed the badly deteriorated duplex assistant keepers’ house by burning it. The motor driving the rotating machinery of the Fresnel lens was also electrified, ending the keeper’s having to wind it by hand every four hours. Power was originally supplied by a generator and batteries, replaced in 1957 by an underwater cable from Windmill Point in Hull with generator backup. More significant changes were made the under the Coast Guard. Lighthouse Service, the former wick lamps at Boston Light were replaced in 1913 with an incandescent oil vapor (IOV) lamp (Snowman and Thomson 1999:46, 130–31). ![]() (It now also houses the generator.) Other buildings constructed in this period and also still standing are the frame keeper’s house and a brick cistern (1884), brick oil house (1889 mineral oil had replaced lard oil as fuel in 1883), and replacement boathouse (1899) (Snowman and Thomson 1999:35, 37, 38–39, 124–25, 127, 159). In 1876 a brick building that still stands was constructed to house the fog signal. ![]() The fog signals were upgraded a number of times: in 1869 a striking apparatus was introduced, in 1871 a whistle, in 1872 a fog-trumpet, and in 1887 a steam siren. In the same year, a frame duplex house was built for the assistant keepers. As part of the renovations, the interior of the tower was lined with brick for further support and the brick entry added. A second-order revolving Fresnel lens was installed in 1859 and, to accommodate it, the tower was raised to 89 feet. Lighthouse Board, many more improvements were made to Boston Light. During the Pleasonton years the condition of the lighthouse apparently deteriorated but improvements were also made-a chandelier with 14 lamps and reflectors was installed in 1828 and the present cast iron stairs, iron window frames, balcony, and large iron door added in 1844. The present aluminum bands replaced corroded steel ones in 1973–74.) In 1811 a revolving mechanism was installed to create a flashing light. (Today there are five, the sixth having been removed sometime between 19. In 1809, when lighthouses were under the purview of the secretary of the treasury, large cracks appeared in the east wall and six iron hoops were then installed around the tower for support. This time it was again circular, constructed of mortared rubblestone, and 75 feet high with the illumination provided by four fish oil lamps. Boston Light was not rebuilt by Massachusetts until 1783. Finally, in June 1776, as the last of the British were leaving Boston, they blew up the lighthouse (Snowman and Thomson 1999:7, 11, 13–14, 97–100 Snow 1971:44). The British began to repair it, whereupon the Americans burned it again on July 31 and again in September. On July 20, 1775, when the British occupied Boston and held Boston Light, patriot troops burned the wooden parts of the tower. The most significant damage, however, occurred during the Revolutionary War. Each time as well as in 1734–37 the tower was repaired or rebuilt. ![]() (After being discontinued in 1851, it was removed from the island by the Coast Guard in 1962 and returned in 1993.) The tower was damaged by fires started by the light in 1720 and, more seriously, in 1751 and by a severe storm in 1723. Also constructed were a keeper’s house, barn, and a wharf. The structure built by Massachusetts in 1716 was a circular, slightly tapered tower of rubblestone about 60 feet high, the light provided by candles. Little Brewster Island hosts Boston Light |
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